Artikel ini Ditulis Oleh Sri Wahyuni Ningsih, Nurjannah, Riska, Noviyanti, dan Muhammad Aris Wahyudi (Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Daerah Universitas Negeri Makassar)

Karebaindonesia.id – Pendidikan merupakan proses mengubah sikap dan perilaku seseorang atau kelompok dalam upaya mendewasakan seseorang atau kelompok itu, melalui pengajaran dan pelatihan. Dalam hal ini, memanusiakan manusia merupakan salah satu tujuan pendidikan. Tidak dapat dipungkiri, kesenjangan social antara masyarakat juga terjadi dalam dunia pendidikan. Yang kaya akan lebih mudah mengakses fasilitas sekolah dan mendapatkan pengetahuan yang mumpuni sedangkan yang miskin sebaliknya.

Fenomena ini harusnya menjadi refleksi kita sebagai generasi penerus bangsa yang seharusnya mampu membangun kesadaran baru bahwa pendidikan adalah hak segala bangsa tanpa memandang status apapun. Sebab di mana ada kehidupan manusia, di situ ada pendidikan. Hal ini berarti pendidikan adalah hak asasi. Tingkatannya sama seperti hak untuk hidup, hak untuk menikah, dan hak untuk menyuarakan pendapat. Tanpa memandang status sosial, sanggup atau tidak sanggup, dari desa atau kota dan sebagainya.

Dalam proses pendidikan untuk memanusiakan manusia, dikenal proses hominisasi dan humanisasi. Hominisasi merupakan proses menjadi manusia secara umum, yakni memasukkan manusia dalam lingkup hidup manusiawi seperti yang semestinya. Sedangkan humanisasi yaitu suatu proses dimana manusia berdasarkan budinya mengangkat alam menjadi alam manusiawi atau menjadi kebudayaan. Jika hominisasi dimaksudkan untuk menjadikan manusia pada umunya yaitu berdiri, bergerak, bersikap layaknya manusia maka humanisasi berperan sebagai upaya untuk menciptakan kebudayaan yang baru dan memajukan ilmu pengetahuan. Pada proses inilah pendidikan bekerja. Saat manusia telah tumbuh dengan memenuhi kodratnya niscaya, pendidikan selanjutnya memanusiakan manusia secara khusus dalam proses humanisasi.

Tentunya dalam proses pendidikan di Indonesia telah mengalami perkembangan dari tahun ke tahun. Entah perubahan kurikulumnya, sistemnya, ataupun paradigma dalam dunia pendidikan. Pasca reformasi, Salah satu kebijakan pendidikan adalah melakukan pembaharuan dan perbaikan sistem pendidikan nasional yang berprinsip desentralisasi, otonomi ke-ilmuan dan manajemen (GBHN, 1999).

Setelah memahami paradigma dan proses pendidikan dalam memanusiakan manusia, tentunya diharapkan hasil dari pembelajaran baik di sekolah ataupun di rumah. Menurut Benjamin Bloom hasil belajar sendiri terbagi atas 3 ranah yaitu kognitif, afektif dan psikomototrik. 1) Ranah Kognitif, merupakan hasil belajar intelektual yang terdiri dari beberapa aspek yaitu pengetahuan, ingatan, pemahaman, dan sebagainya. 2) Ranah Afektif, yaitu hasil belajar yakni penerimaan, jawaban atau reaksi, penelitian, organisasi, dan internalisasi; 3) Ranah Psikomotorik, yaitu hasil belajar keterampilan dan kemampuan bertindak.

Di sekolah sendiri, tentunya hal ini merupakan tujuan dari pembelajaran yang di laksanakan pada setiap pertemuan mata pelajaran di sekolah. Namun karena adanya pandemic, mau tidak mau segala kegiatan pembelajaran dilaksanan dirumah. Hal ini tentu mempengaruhi hasil belajar tiap siswa. Akan tetapi diharapkan dengan adanya kebijakan dan upaya dari pemerintah, pembelajaran dari rumah memberikan hasil belajar siswa yang memuaskan.

Untuk mendapatkan hasil pembelajaran yang sesuai, ada 3 hal yang perlu di perhatikan yaitu pengajaran – pelatihan – pembimbingan. Pengajaran memiliki arti yaitu proses yang dilakukan oleh seorang pendidik untuk mempermudah siswa dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran.

Pelatihan yaitu proses pengembangan terhadap kepribadian siswa agar kedepannya lebih siap dalam menghadapi kehidupan terutama dunia kerja. Sedangkan pembimbingan adalah pemberian bantuan kepada siswa untuk mampu memahami situasi sekitarnya dan dirinya sendiri. 3 hal ini merupakan pendidikan yang didapatkan baik di sekolah maupun dirumah. Bedanya, sekolah merupakan system pendidikan formal sedangkan dirumah tidak. Sekolah akan mengajarkan dan memberikan contoh langsung terhadap 3 aspek ini, sedangkan dirumah tidak. Biasanya, 3 aspek ini di ajarkan melalui kebiasaan anggota keluarga yang secara tidak langsung memberikan pengajaran, pelatihan dan pembimbingan kepada siswa.

Pada dasarnya pendidikan adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang tidak bisa lepas kaitannya dengan manusia dan alam semesta. Pendidikan merupakan sarana untuk menemukan jati diri sendiri serta bagaimana memahami situasi yang terjadi baik yang dialami sendiri ataupun orang sekitar. Pendidikan adalah hak setiap manusia karena sejatinya hidup adalah belajar. Seperti kata John Dewey “Pendidikan bukan persiapan untuk hidup. Pendidikan adalah hidup itu sendiri”.

Tujuan paradigma lama diganti adalah untuk memperbaiki system pendidikan yang lebih berorientasi kepada dua sisi yaitu pendidik dan siswa. Perubahan paradigma ini diperuntukkan selain memajukan generasi bangsa juga untuk memberikan kualitas pendidikan kepada pendidik.[]

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